Methods: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, DNA Barcoding, Chromosomes, Immunofluorescence Microscopy, Meiotic Prophase I, Synaptonemal complex analysis Our method will allow us to precisely cytologically map the locations of the differentiated and pseudoautosomal regions at the squamate sex chromosomes. In squamates, there are many sex chromosomal systems of independent origin, shared by more or less numerous groups of related species. The main method which we use, the immunoflourescent analysis of the synaptonemal complexes, is also a powerful tool in studying sex chromosomes. We will focus on elucidating possible phylogenetic, karyotypic and adaptive factors influencing these traits. The project is aimed to investigate the variation in recombination rate and crossover distribution along the chromosomes in different squamate lineages. Therefore, the evolution if the recombination in reptiles is much less affected by the karyotypic evolution than in mammals, which are more common objects in the studies of the recombination evolution. Reptiles are good objects to investigate this issue, since even phylogenetically distant species of them frequently have similar karyotypes with largely syntenic chromosomes and chromosomal arms. Goal: Meiotic recombination rate and recombination landscapes of individual chromosomes vary greatly among vertebrate taxa, but the evolutionary and adaptive significance of this variation is still poorly understood.
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